Questions, answered.

Phages infect only bacteria, never human cells, and they have been given to people for roughly a century. Every phage we evolve is genome-sequenced and must be strictly lytic with no toxin or resistance genes, and all runs happen under biosafety level 2.

Evolution takes rounds, so a dose is not instant. We automate the evolve-and-produce loop to run continuously, and we start with topical and wound infections because sterile injectables carry a release-testing floor that adds time before a dose can leave the instrument.

Topical and wound infections, where the release-testing burden is lighter and the first doses are fastest to reach a patient. Systemic and injectable uses come later, once the process is validated against that higher bar.

An antibiotic is a fixed molecule, and resistance eventually catches up with every new class. A phage co-evolves with the bacteria, so when the strain mutates to resist, the instrument re-evolves the phage to keep pace.

A fixed cocktail is a set recipe that may or may not match the patient's strain. We evolve a phage against that specific strain and re-evolve it as the bacteria resist, instead of shipping one blend for everyone.

Those companies build novel engineered phages, an approach that is patent-heavy and still clinically unproven. We use natural, unpatented phages and the century-old Appelmans method, so our freedom to operate is clean and the protectable IP is the instrument and the process data.

Library matching picks the closest phage already on the shelf and stops there. We use matching only as a warm start, then evolve the phage against the strain and re-evolve it over the course of treatment, which a static library cannot do.

We validate the instrument and the process once, the way personalized cell therapy is approved, rather than filing each evolved phage as a separate product. Every run is genome-sequenced, confirmed strictly lytic, free of toxin and resistance genes, and performed under biosafety level 2.

We have a working prototype of the evolution and production hardware. An integrated MVP that runs the full loop end to end, from reading the strain to releasing a dose, is the next milestone.